E42 - Brain Tumor Review Molecular Diversity

E42   |  20 min   |   Latest   |  Publication Link

• Podcast based on: Lee, C.; Park, K.; Park, S.; Kim, M.; Hwang, J. Diffuse Leptomeningeal Glioneuronal Tumor: A Systematic Review Highlighting Molecular Heterogeneity and Survival Outcome. Cancers 2026, 18, 912. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18060912
  Type: Systematic Review  |  Publication date: 11 March 2026
  
  
• Summary: Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor is a very rare brain tumor that mainly affects children and young adults and often spreads along the brain and spinal cord. Because it is uncommon and difficult to diagnose, treatment strategies vary widely and clinical outcomes remain unpredictable. To address this, we reviewed all published cases reported since this tumor was first defined to summarize clinical features, genetic findings, treatments, and survival outcomes. We found that hydrocephalus and spinal involvement were common, and that surgery was associated with longer survival in selected patients. Genetic alterations affecting tumor growth–related pathways were also frequently observed. This summary of current evidence may help clinicians recognize this tumor earlier and consider appropriate management strategies.
  
  
• Keywords: diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor; leptomeningeal dissemination; BRAF fusion; MAPK pathway; pediatric low-grade glioma; molecular heterogeneity; survival analysis

 

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